蜘蛛侠1

老胡没有“要求”张丹丹道歉，但我昨天写道：她“也许有必要对舆论做一个回应，该说明的说明，该致歉的致歉”。

二 | 我今天也这样建议。我觉得那样的话，对她本人与公众沟通，度过眼前的危机可能有好处。张丹丹在《聊一波》节目里公开声称，灵活就是一种“福利”，因此灵活就业者的社会保障就应该低一些，激怒了全网舆论，根本没得洗。

三 | 那段视频传递出她脱离现实，对灵活就业群体缺乏同情心的强烈信息。    

    Photo: Courtesy of Lvxing Disaster Simulation Training CenterWhat would you do if you were trapped in an underground parking garage that is being flooded?
As heavy rain associated with Typhoon Dolphin continued to affect large parts of China, an increasing number of people were turning to immersive disaster simulations to experience extreme weather scenarios in a controlled environment at the Lvxing Disaster Simulation Training Center in Hangzhou, East China's Zhejiang Province. 
At the country's first natural disaster simulation venue, adult participants pay 899 yuan ($133) per person to virtually confront situations such as typhoons, urban flooding and sudden flash floods, to gain a sense of what such emergencies might feel like.
Wang Kuanghan, operator of the training center, told the Global Times that the center is designed to allow people to experience the dangers of natural disasters in a safe and controlled environment, while raising awareness of the need to respect nature and avoid potential risks.
"We hope to pass on the experience we gained from encountering natural disasters during our years of traveling around the world," Wang said. "Beyond teaching people how to respond when natural disasters strike, what is more important is cultivating an awareness of how to avoid risks." 
As of July, the center had received more than 70,000 visits this year for hands-on experiences, including tourists as well as companies and professional rescue teams that come for training. The number is higher than the same period in 2025, he noted. 
Fu Minya, a Hangzhou-based office worker, told the Global Times that she has heard of the center and would like to give it a try. 
"The frequent news reports of natural disasters in recent weeks have reminded people of how small and vulnerable we are in the face of nature's forces," she said. 
After Typhoon Dolphin made landfall in China in early August, its remnant impact brought downpours to several provinces. Chinese authorities previously earmarked 80 million yuan to support flood and geological disaster relief efforts in the Central China's Henan and Hubei provinces and East China's Anhui Province, the Xinhua News Agency reported. 
The flash flood simulation is one of the most intense experiences the center offers. Participants stand in a simulated river channel as an instructor presses a button, releasing around 500 tons of water from above. Within just three seconds, many participants are knocked off their feet, left tumbling in the rushing water and being swept toward the protective wall at the end of the channel.
"Real flash floods move even faster," said Wang. "When the water rises above knee level, it is almost impossible for an adult to remain standing. Many people instinctively think they should swim to escape, but that can be fatal."
Flash floods carry mud, branches and rocks that can quickly entangle your arms and legs. The right thing to do is to watch for warning signs of an impending flash flood, move away from the riverbank before the flash flood occurs, and quickly evacuate to higher ground on either side, he said. 
In another exercise, several participants slog ahead holding each other's arms as the facility simulates winds reaching speeds of up to 165 kilometers per hour, as well as torrential rain.
However, there are concerns that simulated disasters could trivialize the suffering of disaster victims and turn the trauma of real-life disasters into entertainment.
This is a promising new niche in urban cultural tourism, Yu Jinlong, a Beijing-based cultural scholar, told the Global Times on Wednesday. 
By striking the right balance between entertainment and public education while strictly adhering to safety protocols, such facilities can become more than just viral check-in destinations; they can serve as a replicable platform for public emergency education, Yu noted. 
In the past, disaster-prevention education largely relied on display boards and lectures, which often made it difficult for people to develop an intuitive understanding of the dangers involved, Yu said. 
Real-life simulations, by contrast, allow participants to experience firsthand the destructive force of typhoons and flash floods, turning abstract knowledge into tangible memories. This is where such facilities can offer unique social value, making them particularly suitable for educational programs for young people and emergency-response training for businesses and institutions, he said. 
The experience can be impactful, but it should not be reduced to a sensationalist spectacle. Only by combining immersive experiences with practical self-rescue training and maintaining strict safety standards can this emerging model continue to serve as a meaningful platform for public disaster-prevention education, Yu noted. 
Statistics show that 95 percent of people rescued from natural disasters survive through self-rescue, Wang said. "If you are swept away by water or hit by strong winds here, you will develop a much deeper understanding of how to respond to hazards and protect yourself."
。老胡尤其惊讶的是，《聊一波》不是直播，而是一档录播节目，也就是说如果张丹丹录制时出现口误的话，她本人或者节目制作方应该有机会纠正问题，避免引发烈度如此高的舆论风暴。然而问题就这样放过去了。人们只能理解为：张丹丹没有觉得这段话有严重不妥；节目编辑者如果不存恶意的话，也不觉得这段话可能给她带来灾难性的声誉打击。老胡查了劳动经济学的有关说法，的确存在补偿性工资差异理论，该模型假设劳动者可以自由选择，用一部分福利保障换取时间上的自由度。但该理论成立有一个前提，即劳动者拥有充分选择权，既可以选择稳定工作，也可以选择自由度更高的灵活就业。然而当下的现实是，大部分劳动者选择灵活就业是被动的。因为现实中正规稳定的岗位不足，很多人才会加入灵活就业大军谋生，而且那个群体中很多人的劳动强度和时间比稳定岗位工作者反而可能更高更多。这种情况下把一个假设理论拿到现实中来，宣扬灵活就业者在享受“福利”,并由此得出他们的社保就该低一些的结论，确实是荒谬的，让公众无法接受。老胡很难相信张丹丹教授作为北大国发院的副院长、博士生导师，区分不了劳动经济学中一个有明显前提的理论模型与我们当下实际情况的区别，我也无法相信她骨子里就是一个“坏人”“冷酷者”，对被动的灵活就业者毫无同情心。我看了她之前的一些发言，不仅很正常，而且显示她处在为灵活就业者争取权利的一线，比如她为给平台骑手们上社保大声疾呼，并且提出了很多具体建议。她似乎是中国学界为增加灵活就业群体权益做出最大实际努力的人之一。但她为什么会在节目中说出这番冷漠无情的话呢？老胡百思不得其解。我本人参加过很多视频录制，40分钟至60分钟的节目往往要录两个小时以上。做点善意的猜测：是否在这个过程中张丹丹讲了上边所说的劳动经济学的假设理论，然后在后期剪辑中没有突出这个理论的假设性，而被当成了张丹丹对现实的一种议论了呢？但如果是这样的话，张丹丹在节目播出之前看样片，应该指出来，要求修改，视频剪辑人也应该意识到这样播出有可能导致爆炸性的舆论事件，但为什么没有阻止呢？莫非张丹丹和节目制作方都不认为如此播出不会有太大问题？他们脱离互联网、脱离群众的程度真的如此严重吗？老胡一般都反对把一个说了错话的人往最坏的情况去想，下最极端的结论。老胡66岁了，我明确说：这个世界上没有那么多极端的坏人。

四 | 把一个犯了一般错误的人往罪恶的方向去想，这绝不是好习惯。

五 | 而且我看了张丹丹之前的各种发言之后，我认为在我们为自己看到的事情骂她的时候，不应该拒绝了解在我们没有看到的时候，她为灵活就业者还做过什么。然而无论如何，张丹丹说的那段话，特别是一个录播视频将那段话呈现出来的样子，就是挑衅了公众的情感，让无数人感到愤怒，也正是因为那段话的不可接受性太突出了、太强烈了，我感到有点诧异。所以我建议张丹丹做回应，该说明的说明，该致歉的致歉。

六 |